2025-10-11

The “Specified Skilled Worker” system allows foreign nationals to work in Japan. This system has two categories: Type 1 and Type 2. How do they differ? Let us explain in detail.

What is Specified Skilled Worker?

Japan faces a severe labor shortage across various industries due to its declining birthrate and aging population. Against this backdrop, the “Specified Skilled Worker” residence status was introduced to promote the active participation of foreign workers.

This system was established in 2019. It provides a framework for foreign nationals possessing certain specialized knowledge or skills to work in industries experiencing particularly acute labor shortages. The targeted industries span 14 sectors, including nursing care, construction, agriculture, and the restaurant industry.

Unlike the previous Technical Intern Training Program, the primary purpose of the Specified Skilled Worker status is to address labor shortages. Consequently, it requires workers to possess immediately applicable skills and Japanese language proficiency. This means that, as workers, they should, in principle, receive treatment equivalent to that of Japanese nationals.

The Specified Skilled Worker status has two tiers: “Tier 1” and “Tier 2,” differing in residence period and the possibility of bringing family members. It is important to understand the characteristics of Tier 2 within the context of the entire system.

What is Specific Skills Type 2?

Specific Skills Type 2 is positioned as the higher-level qualification within the Specific Skills system. Specifically, it is a pathway for foreign workers who have worked under Type 1 for a certain period and gained experience to transition to this level by acquiring more advanced skills.

Currently, it is limited to two fields: “Construction” and “Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering.” Both fields require work involving high levels of specialization and on-site responsibility.

A key feature of Specific Skills Type 2 is that there is no upper limit on the period of stay in Japan. By renewing the status, foreign workers can live in Japan long-term. It also permits family members, such as spouses and children, to accompany them to Japan. Therefore, it facilitates establishing permanent residency and building a life foundation in Japan. This represents a significant feature absent from previous foreign worker systems.

However, transitioning to Specific Skills Type 2 requires strict examinations and evaluations. Consequently, it is not a simple process for Type 1 foreign workers to obtain Type 2 status. Nevertheless, for employing companies, this system enables securing capable foreign workers for the long term, making it increasingly noteworthy.

Differences from Specific Skilled Worker Type 1

The most significant differences between Specific Skilled Worker Type 1 and Type 2, as explained earlier, are the “period of stay” and the possibility of “bringing family members.”

Type 1 allows employment for up to 5 years, but renewal beyond this period is not permitted. Furthermore, as a general rule, the worker cannot bring their family to Japan.

Type 2 has no limit on the period of stay. By renewing the status, it is possible to stay in Japan for a period approaching permanent residency. Moreover, the worker can bring their family to Japan, enabling them to establish a life with a foundation in Japan.

Another difference lies in the eligible industries. Type 1 covers 14 fields, while Type 2 is limited to construction and shipbuilding. Furthermore, the required skill level for Type 2 is higher than for Type 1, meaning individuals are expected to take on leadership or specialized roles in the workplace. In other words, Type 1 serves as the “entry point” for working in Japan, while Type 2 is a “step towards permanent residency.”

Summary

The Specified Skilled Worker system is designed to hire capable foreign workers for fields experiencing particular labor shortages. While it is divided into Type 1 and Type 2, the key differences between them are the length of stay and the possibility of bringing family members.