2025-11-08

Among Americans residing long-term in Japan, many consider acquiring Japanese nationality at some point. This article clearly explains the procedures and key points to note when U.S. citizens apply for naturalization.

What is Naturalization Application?

A naturalization application refers to the procedure by which a foreign national who has resided in Japan for a certain period acquires Japanese nationality. Applications are submitted to the Immigration Services Agency (ISA) office with jurisdiction over the applicant’s place of residence. The screening is conducted by the Minister of Justice.

The conditions for approval of a naturalization application generally include continuous residence in Japan for at least five years, stable income, no delinquency in taxes or other payments, and good conduct.

When applying, numerous documents must be submitted, including a residence card, passport, tax payment certificates, withholding tax slips, and an employment certificate from the workplace. Therefore, preparation before applying typically takes several months. Additionally, during the interview conducted after application, the applicant’s ability to live in Japan using Japanese will be assessed.

If the naturalization application is approved, you will formally acquire Japanese nationality and be registered in the family register as a Japanese citizen. Furthermore, since Japan does not recognize dual nationality, you must renounce your previous nationality.

Naturalization Application for Americans

For U.S. citizens seeking Japanese nationality, the key consideration is the issue of dual nationality. As explained earlier, naturalization in Japan requires renouncing U.S. citizenship.

In the U.S., you must submit an “Oath of Renunciation” and undergo an interview at the U.S. Embassy or Consulate in Japan. However, this procedure incurs a fee of approximately $2,350, so it is essential to thoroughly confirm both the cost and the time required for the process.

Furthermore, during the Japanese language interview after submitting the naturalization application, you may be asked about overseas assets and tax payment status. Since Japan and the U.S. have different tax systems, it is necessary to consult with a tax accountant or administrative scrivener beforehand. Furthermore, obtaining proof of U.S. citizenship renunciation may take some time, so keep in mind that this process should be conducted concurrently with the naturalization application.

Key Points for Naturalization Applications

For U.S. citizens applying for Japanese naturalization, particular emphasis is placed on the stability of their life in Japan and their adaptation to Japanese society.
Key review points include stable employment and income, consistent tax payments, and a clean record free of traffic violations or criminal history. If you have frequently changed jobs or residences within a short period, you must carefully explain the reasons for these changes.

All documents for the naturalization application must be prepared in Japanese. The statement of reasons must also be written in accurate Japanese. Therefore, if you are not confident in your Japanese, it is recommended to seek support from a professional such as an administrative scrivener.

The review period for naturalization applications generally takes approximately 6 months to 1 year. However, additional documents may be requested even after submission. To ensure the smoothest possible process, it is crucial to consult with the Immigration Bureau beforehand and prepare all necessary documents early.

Summary

When Americans naturalize in Japan, they must pay attention to matters such as renouncing their original nationality and tax procedures. By consulting with experts and preparing systematically, it is possible to achieve a smooth acquisition of Japanese nationality.